证券投行面试「国泰君安投行面试」

本文为投行面试经验总结系列文章的第三期，内容涵盖面试可能涉及到的行为测试与英语问题。笔者在求职和工作过程中发现，该类问题往往不决定候选人最终能否拿到实习/留用机会，也较难出现非常出彩的回答；但如果候选人步入某些雷区，可能导致面试成绩大幅下降。

1.行为测试

“行为测试”的官方定义为：要求受测者按照通常的习惯方式做出反应，没有正确答案的测试类型。个人认为投行面试中的行为测试存在某些“正确答案”，有时需要候选人适当隐藏某些习惯方式，并适度突出投行需要的习惯方式。

具体来说，券商投行的行为测试分为：自我评价类、过去经历类、赛道选择动机类、公司选择动机类、职业生涯规划类。

（一）自我评价类

【题目示例】

（1）自我介绍（2分钟/1分钟/0.5分钟）

自我介绍主要分为标准版、加长版和简洁版，回答技巧有所不同。

提示1：对于1分钟的标准自我介绍，建议候选人按照教育背景、获奖经历/学生活动经历/资质证书、实习背景、特长爱好、结尾语等五部分进行介绍，时间权重为2:2:4:1:1。

提示2：对于2分钟的加长版自我介绍，建议候选人将最近的一段投行实习经历适当展开，突出自己的工作内容、成果和收获。

例如：在最近的一段投行实习中，我主要负责财务尽调，依次核查了XX、XX、XX等科目，进行了XX测试等，运用了XX会计/法律内容。

提示3：对于0.5分钟的自我介绍，建议候选人删去特长爱好、尽量缩短获奖/学生经历。着重介绍教育和实习背景、资质证书等方面。

（2）你认为自己的优点和缺点是什么？/用一句话形容一下自己？/用几个词形容一下自己？

提示1：优点要“具体鲜明”。

例如：我的优点是注重细节，我会在有时间精力的前提下，多次检查任务质量；我的优点是专业能力强，我本硕都为商科背景，并已经通过了CPA/CFA/司法等职业考试，过去的实习也培养了我的项目执行能力。我的优点为抗压能力强，能够从容处理多线程高强度工作。

提示2：缺点要“不痛不痒、有病有药”。缺点绝非是对面试结果构成实质影响的内容，例如“我本人非常内向，不喜欢与别人沟通”、“我平时粗心，文件工作会出错”等。缺点应是新人普遍存在、且“不痛不痒”的缺点。提出缺点后，要做到“有药”，即提出相应的改善方案。

例如：我的缺点是“不会（不敢）拒绝上级，导致接了很多领导的任务，自己很累且任务完成效率也不高”。我的缺点是“时间管理能力有待提高，投行经常处理多线程的工作，在新人适应阶段面对井喷的项目，有时会手忙脚乱”。为了提高时间管理能力，我会在前一天晚上制定工作计划，并将工作按照重要性和紧迫性进行分类，优先完成重要且紧迫的事情，等等。

（二）过去经历类

【题目示例】

（1）某段实习做了什么？

该问题请大家结合自己的简历和经历进行对应准备。

提示1：千万别让HR觉得他/她比你更了解你的经历。所以，只关注简历的表面内容是不够的，在面试前要深挖每段经历的背后内容，在面试时必须对每一段实习内容、实习内容对应的会计知识和业务逻辑都非常熟悉。

提示2：在介绍实习内容的过程中，可适当联系相关的会计/法律/业务知识。该做法能够展现应聘者的专业能力，也可将面试官出题范围带入到你的面试准备中。

例如：我在本段实习中负责了政府补助科目的核查，对于资产类政府补助的会计处理为XXX，对于收益类政府补助的会计处理为XXX，我当时的处理方式为XXX。

（2）实习中/学习中/生活中最自豪的经历/合作的经历/处理困难的经历/最有挑战的经历/合作能力/与团队的冲突/主动做队长/鼓励队友/安排工作？

该类问题建议大家选择1-2个代表性的经历，准备成通用模板。

提示1：尽量选择人生的高光时刻。慎重选择“某门课的project合作经历”、“院级班级比赛”等经历。

（3）失败的经历/如何面对失败？

该类问题的回答逻辑应是：1.阐述失败经历。2.吸取的教训。3.改进后的效果。

提示1：尽量不要选择由于天灾人祸造成的失败经历。可选择由于自身经验不足/专业知识储备不充分/领导能力有待提高导致的失败经历。

提示2：有病有药。

（三）赛道选择动机类

【题目示例】

（1）为什么想来投行这个赛道？

该类问题的回答角度可以为：投行项目制工作有成就感、投行能全面培养新人的能力、投行能接触很多资源，利于新人快速成长、投行具备相对较高的薪酬（往后放放）。以上角度展开谈谈即可。

（2）过去的实习经历主要是二级市场（研究），为什么想来投行做一级市场业务？

该类问题的回答角度可以为：1.试错角度：先做研究类工作，认为自己不合适。2.积累角度：做二级研究是为了更好地在投行领域工作（投行也需要做行业研究、公司研究）。3.能力匹配角度：相较于研究能力，认为自己的项目执行能力、沟通表达能力、会计法律知识基础更有优势。

（3）所学专业为理工科/文学外语类，为什么想来做投行？

该类问题的回答逻辑应为：1.你为什么看上了投行这份工作（见本部分题目1）。2.你有什么优势。

提示1：对于理工科背景的同学，你们在当前投行人才市场的优势是巨大的，多个行业组都需要理工科复合背景人才（如TMT、医药、清洁能源等），在面试中一定要提到你们复合背景在项目执行时的优势。

提示2：对于文学类、外语类的同学，你们需要向HR传达自己拥有相关背景。比如，本科虽然是文学外语类，硕士是商科；考取了CPA、司法、保代；过去投行实习经验丰富；或者能够自带一些项目资源（这个最有效）。

（四）公司选择动机类

在该类问题中，HR主要关注候选人选择本公司的动机、与本赛道内其他友商的比较、对公司的了解程度以及对公司价值观的认可等。

【题目示例】

情节设定：假定A、B两家券商为国内top2券商投行，两家在业务规模、市场占有率、服务能力、人才培养、薪酬待遇方面较为相似。此时，你目前在面试A券商，但你同时拥有B券商的实习经历。

（1）为什么选择我们（而不是B券商）？/你觉得A券商的优势是什么？

提示1：“因为我在B公司实习过，我觉得这个公司XX方面太差了”。切记，该问题绝对不是让你说B公司的不好。事实上，国内大部分知名金融机构的工作还是能为实习生提供学习平台的的，对老东家的否定很可能给HR留下心气高、浮躁的坏印象。建议回答此类问题时，可采用比较式的说法。

例如：我认为与B公司相比，贵司的“XXXXX”的企业文化与我个人的价值观更为拟合；我认为贵司与B公司相比，拥有更高的业务执行能力，更优秀的员工等等。

提示2：“因为你司工资给的高”。在回答该类问题时，关于薪酬的动机可以提，但不应该是最主要、最优先的原因，新人更应关注平台大小、公司价值观、职业发展、个人价值实现等方面的问题。

例如：我认为与B公司相比，贵司具有更大的平台，贵司的多部门协作能力更强，在项目承揽和执行过程中，我能与来自研究部、PE部的同事协作，这为我提供了更多的学习机会。

（2）谈谈你对A券商的了解？

该问题至少应准备如下内容：A券商的成立时间、是否为上市券商（如是，为一地/两地/三地上市）、总部所在城市、最近三年投行业务排名（IPO承销口径、再融资承销口径、债券承销口径等）、最近1-2年成功过会的明星项目、公司的价值观和定位、当前主要的发展战略（比如国内某些券商在走国际化路线，某些券商在进行业务下沉等）。

（五）职业生涯规划类

（1）谈谈你的职业规划？/想象一下你生涯第五年在做什么？/生涯前三年的具体计划？

该类问题的回答原则是越清晰具体越好。

例如：首先，我非常确定自己的职业生涯将在投行领域开始，在工作前五年，作为职场新人，我想经历多个股权融资项目，IPO、再融资、可转债等，积累项目执行经验。在第五年左右，我想担任项目现场负责人，培养自己的协调安排和项目把控能力。在工作第8-10年，在积累了较为丰富的项目资源后，我想从项目承做岗逐渐转向项目承揽，最大化自己对公司的价值，等等。在工作的同时，我计划考取CPA、司法、保代等职业证书，不断汲取专业知识，等等。

提示1：虽然PEVC、企业融资/投资/证券部、投行质控内核、银行投行部等是较为常见的转型去向，但HR心中最满意的答案应该是“我想长期深耕投行事业，成为投资银行家”。

提示2：可以想表达自己内心的真实想法，但也建议将入职前5年作为沉淀期，并向HR传达“前五年我会老老实实地在你司工作”这种信息。

2.英语问题

对自我要求较高、准备时间富裕的同学，建议将前述五大部分内容的英文内容过一遍。如果时间有限，可重点准备行为测试部分对应的英文内容、以及雅思口语的常见问题。

【题目示例】

Hello, dear distinguished instructors of XXX, it is my great honor to take this interview. My name is XXX, I am now studying in XXX University and my major is XXX. I got my bachelor's degree in XXX. Through my hard work in school life, I earned rewards including the XXX scholarship, XXX scholarship and XXX. For academic activities, I took the lead and won the first prize in the XXX contest, and I attended an XXX academic conference. For overseas experience, I took part in the exchange program XXX for XXX months, which enhanced my English level and broaden my international horizon. My internship experience is abundant, xxx times investment banking department internships helped me to accumulate the financial knowledge and business knowledge, and cultivated my ability to deal with multi-tasks. Most importantly, the sense of growth and achievement brought by working in investment banking makes me decide to take investment banking as my career starting point. Meanwhile, I think my advantage of strong communication ability, rich and good teamwork experience, responsibility and ability to handle pressure and failure are perfectly suitable for the nature of the job.I love working in investment bank and therefore I hope I can get a job and realize my own value in the field of investment banking. Thank you！

2.Why you choose investment banking as your career starting point?/ What do you expect to obtain in IBD?

Firstly, I think that the investment banking business is a process of value discovery, and it is full of meaning. By assisting companies raise funds and go public, we not only provide companies with opportunity to achieve further development, but also provide investors with more investment targets. In a sense, investment bankers are helping investors to find value. Secondly, I enjoy project system of the investment bank, which brings me a sense of accomplishment. I remember when I help the corporation to go public, I feel proud of what I have done. Finally, the work of the investment bank has greatly strengthened my ability to deal with multi-tasks and cultivate my solid financial and business knowledge, and I can grow rapidly in the work of the investment bank.

3.What can you contribute to us (XXX Securities)?

Firstly, I can contribute to XXX investment banking business by my professional skills. I have XXX times investment banking internship experience, which help me accumulate solid foundation of financial knowledge and project experiences. I believe I will contrite to XXX by immersing myself in the investment bank business.

Secondly, I think I quite match XXX international development strategy. Since my undergraduate school and graduate school are all teaching in pure English environment, which trained my English ability and broaden my international horizon. I believe my international background is in line with the company's development strategy. And I can contribute to company's international businesses.（此处也可以是与公司的其他战略、或者公司的价值观契合）

Thirdly, I am quite passionate about investment banking business in XXX, I will insert my energy and passion into XXX.

4.Briefly introduce your career plan.（职业规划问题，越详尽越好）

First, I am pretty sure that my career will start in investment banking. In the first five years, as a newcomer, I plan to experience different types of equity financing projects to cultivate the business capabilities and accumulate project experience. In the 5th year, I will have a certain degree of experience in the project, and I plan to act as the person in charge of the project site, which will cultivate my leadership skills.

After 10-15 years, when I have accumulated certain project experience and project resources, I want to engage in project contracting/sourcing. At that time, I will maximize the value of my resources and bring greater benefits to the company.

5. Use three words to describe yourself/what are your strengths and weaknesses?

Three words: Solid, Passionate and Responsible. Firstly, I have solid foundation of financial knowledge and investment banking project experience, which enable me to complete the work of investment banks with high quality and efficiency.

Secondly, I am quite passionate about investment banking business in XXX, I will insert my energy and passion into XXX.

Thirdly, I am a responsible person, I will make the best of my time and my energy to deal with every task my supervisor gave to me. Although sometimes I have to deal with multi-tasks, but I can squeeze out my non-working time to complete the tasks.

Advantages: I think my advantage is that I have solid foundation of financial knowledge and abundant investment banking experience, which enable me to complete the work of investment banks with high quality and efficiency.

Secondly, I think I am quite passionate about investment banking business and I can deal with multi-task and high-pressure.

Thirdly, I have international background which is in line with XXX development strategy. Both my graduate and undergraduate school are teaching in pure English environment, which not only cultivate my English ability but also broaden my international horizon. And I can contribute to company’s international businesses.

Disadvantages（做到“不痛不痒、有病有药”，列出缺点，并给出改善方法）: I used to have poor time management ability, especially when I have plenty of work to deal with.

Now I always plan ahead, set periodic goals and clear deadlines for each tasks; I will also set aside extra time to deal with emergency situations; When there are too many works, I will choose the priority of work rationally according to the importance and emergency, and leave the energy for most important and emergency items.

I'll try to squeeze out more of my non-working time to complete the task, such as sacrificing my off-work hours, vacation time, or even some sleep time to do the job if it's in an emergency.

If the time is still not enough, under the condition that I keep the important task information as confidential as possible, I will seek my colleagues who can help me to complete the task together, to improve work efficiency.

6. The most proud experience/the experience of cooperation/the experience of dealing with the difficulties/the most challenging experience/the ability to cooperate/conflict with the team/take the initiative to be the team leader/encourage teammates/arrange work？

建议：一个经历可联系多个问题。以下答案不具有普遍性。

My proudest experience is that in year XXXX, I participated a XXX contest and won the first prize. It was a XXX competition organized by XXX. We made a XXX（介绍一下比赛内容和活动）.

The difficulty is that the start date of the competition is around December, which is exactly the tense preparation time for our final exam. In that limited time, one of my team members wanted to give up. Then I find this group member and I listed a timeline for him, which flexibly adjust his time of preparing final exam and mathematical contest. And I also assigned the contest task to the team members properly and try to ensure that they have enough time to complete the contest and fully prepare for their final exams.

And after fixing the time schedule, we encouraged each other and constantly revised the analysis framework and models, and finally we earned first prize in this XXX competition. It is an excellent teamwork experience and our ability to withstand pressure make us get a satisfactory result in the competition.

7. How to balance work and life in IBD?

I think it's may hard to balance the work and life for working in the investment bank. But I think to make the best of every hours to do the right things is a way to balance work and life.

Firstly, I will try to work efficiently during working hours, make work plans for everyday and manage my workload properly. By working efficiently and witnessing my achievement, I feel sense of accomplishment in my life.

Secondly, during my leisure time, I usually spend my leisure time in going to gym, doing some sports and having chats with my friends. These activities relax and refresh me, and make sure I have enough energy to work.

Thirdly, sometimes I have to deal with multi-tasks and I will squeeze out my non-working time to complete the tasks.